Introduction to grinding

What is grinding?

Grinding is a method in which the abrasive tool rotates at a higher linear speed to process the surface of the workpiece. Grinding is one of the more widely used cutting methods.

Grinding processing is widely used in the machinery manufacturing industry. For heat-treated and quenched carbon tool steel and carburized and hardened steel parts, there are often a large number of regular arrangements on the surface that is basically perpendicular to the grinding direction during grinding. Cracks-Grinding cracks, which not only affect the appearance of the parts, but also directly affect the quality of the parts.

Principle

Use high-speed rotating grinding wheels and other abrasive tools to process the surface of the workpiece. Grinding is used to process the inner and outer cylindrical, conical and flat surfaces of various workpieces, as well as special and complex forming surfaces such as threads, gears and splines.

Due to the high hardness of the abrasive grains, the abrasives have self-sharpening properties. Grinding can be used to process various materials, including hardened steel, high-strength alloy steel, cemented carbide, glass, ceramics and marble with high hardness Metal and non-metal materials. Grinding speed refers to the linear speed of the grinding wheel, which is generally 30 to 35 m/sec. When it exceeds 45 m/sec, it is called high-speed grinding. Grinding is usually used for semi-finishing and finishing, and the accuracy can reach IT8～5 or even higher. The surface roughness is generally Ra1.25～0.16 microns for grinding, and Ra0.16～0.04 microns for precision grinding, ultra-precision grinding The grinding is Ra0.04～0.01 micron, and the mirror grinding can reach Ra 0.01 micron or less. The specific power of grinding (or specific energy consumption, that is, the energy consumed to cut a unit volume of workpiece material) is larger than that of general cutting, and the metal removal rate is lower than that of general cutting. Therefore, the workpiece is usually removed by other cutting methods before grinding For most of the machining allowance, only a grinding allowance of 0.1 to 1 mm or less is left. With the development of high-efficiency grinding, such as slow-feed grinding and high-speed grinding, parts can be ground directly from the blank. Grinding is also useful as waste processing, such as grinding the pouring riser of castings, the flash of forgings and the outer skin of steel ingots.